We have been advised by Bruce W. Miller, PhD. of Neotropical Bat Risk Assessments, that some of the information on this page is outdated and that some of the species listed have never been found in Belize. We will be updating this page as time permits. Our thanks to Dr. Miller and a reminder to our readers that Consejo.bz should not be sited as source for academic purposes.
The more than 1100 kinds of bats around the world amount to approximately one quarter of all mammal species. They are found everywhere except in the most extreme desert and polar regions. The majority inhabit tropical forests where, in total numbers, they outnumber all other mammals combined.
Bats come in an amazing variety of sizes and appearances. The world's smallest mammal, the bumblebee bat of Thailand, weighs less than a penny, but some flying foxes of the Old World tropics have wingspans of up to 6 feet. The big-eyed, winsome expressions of flying foxes often surprise people who would never have thought that a bat could be attractive. Some bats have long angora-like fur, ranging in color from bright red or yellow to jet black or white. One species is furless, and another even has pink wings and ears. A few are so brightly patterned that they are known as butterfly bats. Others have enormous ears, nose leafs, and intricate facial features that may seem bizarre at first, but become more fascinating than strange when their sophisticated role in navigation is explained.
Sac-winged Bat - Emballonuridae
Sac-winged Bats are small, insect-feeding bats with mostly brown or gray fur and relatively large eyes. Many Sac-winged Bats roost at almost vertical substrates with the folded forearms supporting the body.
Sac-winged Bats can be found in humid rain forests, seasonal semi-deciduous forests, and savannas. Most species roost in well-lit places like entries to caves and temples, at the outside of buildings, or in hollow trees and buttress cavities of large trees.
Colonies of some the Sac-winged Bat species are easily found because these bats emit social calls audible to humans.
Emballonurid bats are aerial insectivorous bats that can be easily observed hunting for insects in a slow butterfly-like flight. Larger Sac-winged Bats, like the genus Taphozous, have a more pronounced, powerful flight. Emballonurids are among the first bats to start foraging in the evening. During periods of bad weather, some species may even start foraging in the afternoon. Occasionally, some species also glean insects from leaves.
There are 8 types of Emballonurid bats in Belize:
Proboscis Bat - - - Rhynchonycteris naso
Greater White-lined Bat - - - Saccopteryx bilineata
Lesser White-lined bat - - - Saccopteryx leptura
Thomas' Bat - - - Centronycteris centralis
Lesser Dog-like Bat - - - Peropteryx m. macrotis
Greater Dog-like Bat - - - Peropteryx k. kappleri
Least Sac-winged Bat - - - Balantiopteryx io
Northern Ghost Bat - - - Diclidurus albus
Bulldog Bats - Noctilionidae
Bull-dog or mastiff bats are medium-sized bats, often brightly colored. The region around the mouth is distinctive. The lips are full and form cheek pouches, in which the bats store food as they feed while flying. The tail of bulldog bats runs through the uropatagium for about half the length of the membrane, then exits dorsally, and the terminal part of the tail is free. The feet and claws range from relatively large (Noctilio albiventris) to relatively enormous (Noctilio leporinus) in size, and the legs are proportionately longer than in most other bats. The ears are moderately large and a tragus is present. Bulldog bats have a pungent odor, described by some as "fishy.
Most Bulldog Bats feed only on insects. The only Bulldog Bat found in Belize, Noctilio leporinus, takes fish, frogs, and crustaceans as well. To capture fish, these bats use their echolocation to locate exposed fins or ripples made by fish swimming near the surface. They then drag their claws through these ripples. Their hind claws are unusually large and sharp and serve as efficient gaffs. Once out of the water, the fish is carried to a perch, where it is eaten by the bat. Noctilio leporinus may also capture insects and crustaceans on the surface of the water.
These bats usually roost near water, often in hollow trees or in deep cracks in rocks.
Leaf-chinned Bat - Mormoopidae
The Leaf-chinned Bat is a small to medium-sized bat. Their lips are large, and their lower lips are complexly folded and ornately decorated with plates and flaps of skin. The mouth is distinctively shaped like a funnel when open. Leaf-chinned Bats are also called "moustache bat" because of a fringe of stiff hairs on their muzzles. Their eyes are small compared to the eyes of bats of similar body size. The ears vary in size and shape but always have a tragus (which always has a secondary fold). In some species, the wings attach to the body high along the midline of the back, so that the surface of the back appears naked.
Beneath the wings, however, is a normal coating of fur. The fur of most species is brown or reddish brown, but within species some individuals vary considerably in color.
Leaf-chinned Bats are strictly insectivorous and generally live near water. They roost sociably, sometimes in very large colonies, and some species are thought to roost exclusively in caves. They can be found in a wide range of habitat types, from rainforest to arid deserts.
The 5 varieties of Leaf-chinned Bats found in Belize are:
Ghost-faced Bat - - - Mormoops m. megalophylla
Common Mustached Bat - - - Pteronotus parnellii mesoamericanus
Wagner's mustached bat - - - Pteronotus personatus psilotis
Davy's Naked-backed Bat - - - Pteronotus davyi fulvus
Big Naked-backed Bat - - - Pteronotus gymnonotus
Leaf-nosed Bats - Phyllostonidea
New World leaf-nosed bats are a common and diverse group that includes around 143 species, placed in 49 genera. The relationships of these genera are not fully understood.
The most conspicuous characteristic of phyllostomids is a "noseleaf", a fleshy protuberance from the nose that ranges from in size from nearly as long as the head to, in a few species, complete absence.
Many species also have bumps, warts, and other protuberances on the head near the noseleaf or on the chin. In most species, the noseleaf is a relatively simple spear-shaped structure.
47 Leaf-nosed Bat species in 5 sub-families have been identified in Belize:
Gleaning and Carnivorous Bats
Subfamily Phyllostominae
Schmidt's large-eared bat - - - Micronycteris schmidtorum
Orange-throated Bat - - - Micronycteris brachyotis
Large-eared bat - - - Micronycteris nicefori
Large-eared forest ba - - - Micronycteris sylvestris
Brasilian large-eared bat - - - Micronycteris megalotis mexicana
Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat - - - Macrotus waterhousii mexicanus
Tomes' long-eared bat - - - Lonchorhina aurita aurita
Long-legged bat - - - Macrophyllum macrophyllum
Spix's round-eared bat - - - Tonatia saurophila bakeri
Pygmy round-eared bat - - - Tonatia brasiliense
Davis' round-eared bat - - - Tonatia evotis
Golden Bat - - - Mimon bennettii cozumelae
Striped spear-nosed bat - - - Mimon crenulatum keenani
Pale spear-nosed bat - - - Phyllostomus discolor verrucosus
Spear-nosed bat - - - Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis
Northern spear-nosed bat - - - Phylloderma stenops septentrionalis
Fringe-lipped bat - - - Trachops cirrhosus coffini
Woolly False Vampire Bat - - - Chrotopterus auritus auritus
Linnaeus' false vampire bat - - - Vampyrum spectrum
Nectar-feeding or Long Tongued Bats
Subfamily Glossophaginae:
Common Long-tongued Bat - - - Glossophaga soricina handleyi
Brown Long-tongued Bat - - - Glossophaga commissarisi commissarisi
Geoffroy's tail-less bat - - - Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi
Brown long-nosed bat - - - Lichonycteris obscura
Underwood's Long-tongued Bat - - - Hylonycteris u. underwoodi
Godman's bat - - - Choeroniscus godmani
Short-tailed Bats
Subfamily Carolliinae:
Allen's short-tailed bat - - - Carollia castanea
Hahn's short-tailed bat - - - Carollia subrufa
Silky short-tailed bat - - - Carollia brevicauda< /p>
Seba's short-tailed bat - Carollia perspicillata azteca
Tailless Bats
Subfamily Stenodermatinae:
Yellow-shouldered bat - - - Sturnira lilium parvidens
Great Fruit-eating bat - - - Artibeus lituratus palmarum
Intermediate Fruit-eating bat - - - Artibeus intermedius
Jamaican fruit-eating bat - - - Artibeus jamaicensis
Toltec Fruit-eating Bat - - - Artibeus t. toltecus
Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat - - - Artibeus p. phaeotis
Thomas' fruit-eating bat - - - Artibeus watsoni
Velvety Fruit-eating Bat - - - Enchisthenes hartii
Tent-making bat - - - Uroderma bilobatum molaris
Heller's broad-nosed bat - - - Platyrrhinus helleri
San Pablo bat - - - Vampryodes caraccioli major
Shaggy-haired bat - - - Chiroderma villosum jesupi
Salvin's white-lined bat - - - Chiroderma s. salvini
Little yellow-eared bat - - - Vampyressa pusilla thyone
Wrinkle-faced bat - - - Centurio senex senex
Vampire Bats
Subfamily Desmodontinae:
Common Vampire bat - - - Desmodus rotundus
White-winged vampire bat - - - Diaemus youngi
Hairy-legged vampire bat - - - Diphylla ecaudata
Funnel-eared Bat – Natalidae
Natalus stramineus saturatus, the Mexican funnel-eared bat, is the only member of Natalidae that is found in Belize. They are aerial insectivores that appear to be specialists in feeding on spiders. All of these bats have funnel-shaped ears and long, slender hind legs.
Disc-winged Bat – Thyropteridae
Disc-winged Bat are small bats with a long and slender snout. The crown of their head rises abruptly above their muzzle. Their ears are moderately large and funnel-shaped, and the other edge is attached near the angle of the mouth. A tragus is present. The wing membranes of members of this family extend unusually far down their legs, arising on their feet near the base of the claws. Most individuals are reddish brown or pale brown in color on the back, and whitish or brownish on the undersurface.
These bats feed exclusively on insects. Only Thyroptera tricolor albiventer is found in Belize
Plain-nosed Bats – Vespertilionidae
Plain-nosed Bats is the largest family of bats: it includes 35 genera and 318 species! With this many species there are exceptions to almost every generalization about this family.
Vespertilionids, or evening bats, have small eyes, ears with both a tragus (fleshy ear outgrowth) and an anterior basal lobe (except Tomopeas). Their tails are relatively long and extend to the edge of the tail membrane or beyond.
This large family includes a wide range of sizes. Some vesper bats weigh only 4 grams as adults, whereas others weigh up to 50 grams. Most of these bats are black or brown colored, but some are orangish or have other markings.
Many vespertilionids live in caves, but these bats can also be found in mine shafts, tunnels, tree roosts, rock crevices, buildings, etc. Some species contaminate human habitations with feces and noise, but this annoyance is more than offset by the bats' consumption of huge quantities of insects. Some species roost in large colonies, but others are solitary or live in small groups or pairs. Males and females tend to roost apart most of the year, and some species have maternity colonies.
Nine varieties of this bat have been seen in Belize.
Elegant Bat - - - myotis Myotis elegans
Hairy-legged Bat - - - myotis Myotis keaysi pilosotibialis
Argentine brown Bat - - - Eptesicus furinalis gaumeri
Central American yellow Bat - - - Rhogeessa tumida
Black-eared Yellow Bat - - - Rhogeessa aneus
Van Gelder's Bat - - - Bauerus dubiaquercus meyeri
Western Red Bat - - - Lasiurus blossevillii frantzii
Northern yellow Bat - - - Lasiurus i. intermedius
Southern Yellow Bat - - - Lasiurus ega xanthinus
Free-tailed Bats – Molossidae
Molossids are known as free-tailed bats, because their bony tail extends to the end of a well-developed tail membrane (uropatagium) and considerably beyond. They often crawl backwards when on the ground, using their tail as a sort of "feeler." Molossids are small to moderately large bats. Their muzzles are usually short and broad, and they often have wide, fleshy lips that may have folds or creases. Many have a distinctive pad over their noses; this pad is often endowed with odd bristles with spatulate tips. Most free-tailed bats have relatively short but broad ears.
The tragus is tiny, but opposite it, an antitragus is unusually well developed. All species have long, narrow wings, apparently adapted for fast but relatively unmaneuverable flight in open places. Their wing and tail membranes are unusually tough and leathery. Molossids also have short, strong legs and broad feet. Like their nose pads, molossids' feet are well endowed with sensory bristles (also with spatulate tips). They are excellent climbers, perhaps because they launch themselves for flight from a considerable height above the ground. Because of their long, narrow wings, they must attain considerable speed before they can develop enough lift to fly. They accomplish this by falling some distance from their roost or take-off point.
Molossids generally have short, even velvety fur. Most are black or brown, and many species have distinctive reddish and brownish or blackish color phases. Their roosting habits range from solitary to living in immense colonies of millions of bats, usually in caves. In the neighborhood of these large colonies, molossids consume enormous numbers of insects.
Nine species of Molossids live in Belize:
Greenhall's Dog-faced Bat - - - Molossops greenhalli
Broad-tailed Bat - - - Nyctinomops laticaudata yucatanica
Shaw's mastiff Bat - - - Eumops a. auripendulus
Underwood's mastiff Bat - - - Eumops u. underwoodi
Wagner's Bonneted Bat - - - Eumops g. glaucinus
Dwarf mastiff Bat - - - Eumops bonariensis nanus
Black mastiff Bat - - - Molossus rufus
Allen's mastiff Bat - - - Molossus s. sinaloae
Pallas' mastiff Bat - - - Molossus molossus